He maha ngā kiritaki e waea mai ana ki tā mātou paetukutuku ki te kōrero mō te momo putea whatu me te whānuitanga o ngā tono, ā, i tēnei rā ka whakamahi mātou i te dongle putea whatu Xiaobian hei whakamārama i te momo putea whatu me te whānuitanga o ngā tono.
E mōhiotia ana ngā putea whatu ko ngā putea hiako nakahi. He kirihou tēnei, e whakamahia ana mō te tākai. Ko ōna rauemi mata ko te polyethylene, te polypropylene me ētahi atu rauemi mata kirihou matū. Ko ngā mea e whai ake nei he kupu whakataki ki ngā momo me ngā whakamahinga o ngā putea whatu.
momo
Ko te polyethylene (PE) te rauemi matua mō te hanga ki tāwāhi, ko te polypropylene (PP) te rauemi matua mō te hanga ki te kāinga, he kapia thermoplastic i hangaia mā te polymerization ethylene. I roto i te ahumahi, kei roto hoki ngā copolymers o te ethylene me te iti o te -olefin. Ko te polyethylene kore kakara, kāore e paitini, he ware pi, he ātete pāmahana iti pai (te pāmahana mahi iti rawa tae atu ki te -70 ~ 100℃), he pumau matū pai, he ātete ki te nuinga o te waikura waikawa me te alkali (te waikawa ātete ki te waikura), kāore e rewa i roto i ngā whakarewa whānui i te pāmahana rūma, he iti te mimiti wai, he pai te mahi whakamarumaru hiko; He tino tairongo te polyethylene (te whakamarumaru matū me te hiko) mō ngā ahotea taiao; Pānga miihini) he tino ātete, he ngoikore te ātete ki te koroheketanga wera. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te polyethylene i ia momo ki ia momo, ko te nuinga kei runga i tōna hanganga ngota me te mātotoru. Ka taea te whiwhi hua me ngā mātotoru rerekē (0.91 ki te 0.96 g/cm3) mā ngā tikanga hanga rerekē. Ka taea te tukatuka i te polyethylene mā te tukanga hanga thermoplastic noa (tirohia te tukatuka kirihou). He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te hanga kiriata, ipu, paipa, waea kotahi, waea me te taura, ngā mea e hiahiatia ana i ia rā, me ētahi atu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei rauemi whakamahana auau teitei mō te pouaka whakaata me te radar. Nā te whanaketanga o te umanga matū hinu, kua tere te whanaketanga o te hanga polyethylene, e tata ana ki te hauwhā o te hanga kirihou katoa. I te tau 1983, ko te kaha hanga polyethylene o te ao ko te 24.65 Mt, ā, ko te kaha o te tipu kei te hangaia ko te 3.16 Mt.
polypropylene
He kapia kirihou wera i hangaia mā te whakapūhuitanga propylene. E toru ngā whirihoranga o te isomorphism katoa, te matapōkere me te interisomorphism. Ko ngā wāhanga matua o ngā hua ahumahi he matū ōrite. Kei roto hoki i te polypropylene ngā copolymers o te propylene me te iti o te ethylene. He totoka mārama, kāore he tae, kāore he reka, kāore hoki he paitini. Nā tōna hanganga auau me te tioata teitei, ko te ira rewa tae atu ki te 167℃. He ātete ki te wera, ā, ka taea te whakahoromata i te hua mā te mamaoa. Ko te mātotoru o te 0.90 g/cm3 te kirihou whānui māmā rawa atu. He pai ake te ātete ki te waikura, te kaha kume 30 MPa, te kaha, te pakari me te mārama i te polyethylene. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga ko te ātete iti ki te pānga me te ngawari ki te koroheke i te pāmahana iti, ka taea te whakakore mā te whakarerekē me te tāpiri i ngā antioxidants.
Ko te tae o ngā putea whatu he mā, he mā-parauri rānei, kāore he paitini, kāore hoki he reka, ā, he iti ake te kino ki te tinana tangata. Ahakoa he maha ngā momo kirihou matū i hangaia ai, he pai mō te taiao, ā, ka taea te hangarua.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā putea raranga, ko te nuinga mō te tākai i ngā taonga maha, ā, he whānui hoki te whakamahinga i roto i ngā ahumahi.
He mea hanga te putea whatu kirihou ki te kapia polypropylene, ka whakapūwerohia, ka totorohia hei hiraka papatahi, kātahi ka whatuhia hei putea.
He mea hanga ngā putea kirihou whatu hiato ki te papanga kirihou mā roto i te awa.
Whakamahia mō te tākai i ngā rauemi totoka paura, kirikiri rānei, me ngā taonga ngāwari. E rua ngā putea whatu kirihou whakakotahi hei putea kotahi, e toru hei putea kotahi, e ai ki te hanganga rauemi matua.
E ai ki te tikanga tuitui, ka taea te wehewehe ki te tuitui putea raro, te tuitui putea taha, te putea whakauru me te putea here.
I runga i te whānui whai hua o te putea, ka taea te wehewehe ki te 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 me te 700 mm. Ka whakaaetia ngā whakaritenga motuhake e te kaiwhakarato me te kaihoko.
Te whānuitanga o te tono
1. Ngā putea tākai mō ngā hua ahumahi me ngā hua ahuwhenua
I te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o ngā putea ipu ngāwari, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā putea ipu whatu kirihou i roto i te moana, te umanga kawe waka me te tākai me ngā hua ahuwhenua. Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā putea whatu kirihou i roto i ngā tākai hua ahuwhenua. Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā putea whatu kirihou i roto i ngā hua wai. Ngā tākai, te tākai whāngai heihei, ngā rauemi hipoki pāmu, te whakamarumaru whakatipu hua, te ātete hau, te piringa whatu me ētahi atu rauemi. Ngā hua noa: putea whatu whāngai, putea whatu matū, putea whatu paura putty, putea whatu urea, putea kupenga huawhenua, putea kupenga hua, me ētahi atu.
2. Tākai kai
Ka whakamahia haeretia ngā pēke whatu mō te raihi, te paraoa me ētahi atu takai kai. Ko ngā pēke whatu noa ko: ngā pēke raihi whatu, ngā pēke paraoa whatu, ngā pēke kānga whatu me ētahi atu pēke whatu.
3. Te kawe tūruhi
I roto i te umanga tūruhi, ka whakamahia ngā tēneti rangitahi, ngā maru, ngā putea haere me ngā putea mō ngā papanga whatu kirihou. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā momo tēneti hei piringa.
I roto i te umanga tūruhi, ka whakamahia ngā tēneti rangitahi, ngā maru, ngā putea haere me ngā putea mō ngā papanga whatu kirihou. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā tēneti hei uhi mō te kawe me te rokiroki, hei whakakapi i ngā tēneti miro taumaha me te pokekore. He whānuitia hoki te whakamahinga o ngā taiapa me te mata whatu i roto i ngā whare mō ngā papanga kirihou. He mea noa: ngā putea kawe waka, ngā putea tākai kawe waka. Ngā mōkihi utanga, ngā mōkihi utanga, me ētahi atu.
Ngā rauemi hangarau
Mai i te whanaketanga o te geotextile i te tekau tau atu i 1980, kua whānui haere te whakamahinga o te papanga whatu kirihou, ā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā whare tiaki wai iti, te hiko, te huarahi tereina, te tauranga, te hanga maina me te hanga hōia. I roto i ēnei kaupapa, ko ngā mahi a te geosynthetics he tātari, he waikeri, he whakapakari, he wehe me te whakahaere i te turuturu. Ko ngā geotextile kirihou tētahi o ngā geotextile hangai.
Rauemi whakahaere waipuke
He mea nui ngā putea whatu mō te whakahaere waipuke. He mea nui hoki ēnei mō te hanganga o ngā pareparenga, awa, rēriwe me ngā rori. He putea whatu ārai mōhiohio ēnei, he putea whatu ārai tauraki, he putea whatu ārai waipuke hoki.
Kei runga ake nei he whakarāpopototanga iti mō te katoa o te whakaoti i te momo putea whatu me te whānuitanga o te tono o ngā kōrero e pā ana. Mā te whakawhitiwhiti i ngā ihirangi, te momo me te whānuitanga o te tono o ngā putea whatu he mōhiotanga motuhake. Ki te hiahia koe ki te hohonu ake ki te putea o ngā mōhiohio mākete, whakapā atu ki te kaihoko i roto i tā mātou kamupene, ki te taha rawhiti rānei me te rangahau putea whatu i te wā tonu, ka matapakihia te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i roto i tēnei tuhinga.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-03-2020