Amakhasimende amaningi ngewebhusayithi yethu ashayela ucingo ukuze ahlole uhlobo lwesikhwama esilukiwe kanye nohlu lwezicelo, ukuthi namuhla isikhwama esilukiwe esilukiwe esilukiwe sichaza uhlobo lwesikhwama esilukiwe kanye nohlu lwezicelo.
Izikhwama ezithungiwe zaziwa nangokuthi izikhwama zesikhumba sezinyoka. Ziyipulasitiki, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekupakisheni. Izinto zayo zokusetshenziswa ngokuvamile ziyi-polyethylene, i-polypropylene nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa zepulasitiki zamakhemikhali. Okulandelayo yisingeniso sezinhlobo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama ezilukiwe.
uhlobo
Izinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle yi-polyethylene (PE), kanti izinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya yi-polypropylene (PP), i-thermoplastic resin elungiselelwe yi-ethylene polymerization. Ezimbonini, ama-copolymer e-ethylene anenani elincane le--olefin nawo afakiwe. I-polyethylene engenaphunga, engenabo ubuthi, ene-wax, enokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa okuphansi (izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokusebenza kufika ku--70 ~ 100℃), ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nokugqwala okuningi kwe-asidi ne-alkali (i-asidi emelana ne-oxidation), engancibiliki ezinyibilikisini ezijwayelekile ekushiseni kwegumbi, ukumuncwa kwamanzi okuphansi, ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kukagesi; Yi-polyethylene (ukushisa kwamakhemikhali nogesi) kokucindezeleka kwemvelo; Umphumela womshini) ezwela kakhulu, ukumelana okuncane nokuguga kokushisa. Izakhiwo ze-polyethylene ziyahlukahluka kusuka ezinhlotsheni kuya ezinhlotsheni, ikakhulukazi kuye ngesakhiwo sayo sama-molecule kanye nobuningi. Imikhiqizo enobuningi obuhlukene (0.91 kuya ku-0.96 g/cm3) ingatholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene zokukhiqiza. I-Polyethylene ingacutshungulwa ngenqubo evamile yokwakha i-thermoplastic (bheka ukucubungula ipulasitiki). Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenziweni kwefilimu, izitsha, amapayipi, ucingo olulodwa, ucingo kanye nekhebula, izidingo zansuku zonke, njll. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengento yokuvikela imvamisa ephezulu ye-TV kanye ne-radar. Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyethylene kuthuthuke ngokushesha, okubalwa cishe ingxenye yesine yengqikithi yokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki. Ngo-1983, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-polyethylene emhlabeni wonke wawungu-24.65 Mt, kanti umthamo wesitshalo esakhiwayo wawungu-3.16 Mt.
i-polypropylene
I-resin ye-thermoplastic elungiselelwe yi-propylene polymerization. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-isomorphism ephelele, engahleliwe kanye ne-interisomorphism. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo yezimboni yizinto ezifanayo. I-Polypropylene ihlanganisa nama-copolymer e-propylene kanye nenani elincane le-ethylene. Ngokuvamile iyi-solid engenambala ekhanyayo, ayinambitheki futhi ayinabo ubuthi. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esivamile kanye ne-crystallinity ephezulu, iphuzu lokuncibilika lifinyelela ku-167℃. Ayimelani nokushisa futhi umkhiqizo ungahlanzwa nge-steam. Ubuningi obungu-0.90 g/cm3 yipulasitiki elula kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele. Ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla okuthamba angu-30 MPa, amandla, ukuqina kanye nokucaca kungcono kune-polyethylene. Okubi ukumelana okuphansi komthelela kanye nokuguga kalula ekushiseni okuphansi, okunganqotshwa ngokuguqulwa nokwengezwa kwama-antioxidants ngokulandelana.
Umbala wezikhwama ezilukiwe ngokuvamile umhlophe noma awumhlophe nhlobo, awunabo ubuthi futhi awunambitheki, ngokuvamile awulimazi kakhulu umzimba womuntu. Nakuba zenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zepulasitiki zamakhemikhali, zinobungani nemvelo futhi ziyasebenziseka kabusha.
Izikhwama ezilukiwe zisetshenziswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi ekupakisheni izinto ezahlukene, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini.
Isikhwama esilukiwe sepulasitiki senziwe nge-polypropylene resin, sikhishwe bese selulelwa kusilika oyisicaba, bese silukwa sibe yizikhwama.
Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezihlanganisiwe ezenziwe ngendwangu yepulasitiki ngokusebenzisa umfudlana.
Isetshenziselwa ukupakisha impuphu noma izinto eziqinile ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezinto eziguquguqukayo. Isikhwama esilukiwe sepulasitiki esihlanganisiwe sihlukaniswe saba yizikhwama ezimbili eziku-munye kanye nezikhwama ezintathu eziku-munye ngokwendlela eyinhloko yokwakheka kwezinto.
Ngokwendlela yokuthunga, ingahlukaniswa ngesikhwama sokuthunga esingezansi, isikhwama somphetho wokuthunga, isikhwama sokufaka kanye nesikhwama sokuthunga esibophayo.
Kuye ngobubanzi obusebenzayo besikhwama, singahlukaniswa sibe ngu-450, 500, 550, 600, 650 kanye no-700 mm. Imininingwane ekhethekile iyavunyelwana ngumhlinzeki kanye nomthengi.
Ububanzi besicelo
1. Izikhwama zokupakisha zemikhiqizo yezimboni neyezolimo
Ngokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zezitsha eziguquguqukayo, izikhwama zezitsha zepulasitiki ezilukiwe zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezolwandle, yezokuthutha kanye neyokupakisha kanye nemikhiqizo yezolimo. Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezilukiwe zisetshenziswe kabanzi ekupakisheni imikhiqizo yezolimo. Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezilukiwe zisetshenziswe kabanzi emikhiqizweni yasemanzini. Ukupakisha, ukupakisha ukudla kwezinkukhu, izinto zokumboza ipulazi, umthunzi wokulima izitshalo, ukumelana nomoya, indawo yokukhosela isichotho kanye nezinye izinto. Imikhiqizo evamile: isikhwama sokuphakela esilukiwe, isikhwama esilukiwe samakhemikhali, isikhwama esilukiwe sempuphu ye-putty, isikhwama esilukiwe se-urea, isikhwama senethi yemifino, isikhwama senethi yezithelo, njll.
2. Ukupakishwa kokudla
Ilayisi, ufulawa kanye nokunye ukupakishwa kokudla kusebenzisa kancane kancane izikhwama ezilukiwe. Izikhwama ezilukiwe ezivamile yilezi: izikhwama ezilukiwe zelayisi, izikhwama ezilukiwe ufulawa, izikhwama ezilukiwe zommbila kanye nezinye izikhwama ezilukiwe.
3. Ezokuthutha ezokuVakasha
Amatende esikhashana, izambulela, izikhwama zokuhamba kanye nezikhwama embonini yezokuvakasha zisetshenziselwa izindwangu ezilukiwe ngepulasitiki. Amatende ezinhlobo ezahlukene asetshenziswa kabanzi njengezindawo zokukhosela
Amatende esikhashana, izambulela, izikhwama zokuhamba kanye nezikhwama embonini yezokuvakasha zisetshenziselwa izindwangu ezilukiwe ngepulasitiki. Amatende asetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zokumboza ezokuthutha kanye nokugcina, ethatha indawo yamatende kakotini asindayo futhi anobuthi. Ucingo kanye ne-mesh ezakhiweni nakho kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezindwangu zepulasitiki. Okuvamile: izikhwama ze-logistics, izikhwama zokupakisha ze-logistics. Amaphakheji empahla, amaphakheji empahla, njll.
Izinto zobunjiniyela
Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-geotextile ngawo-1980, insimu yokusetshenziswa kwendwangu elukiwe yepulasitiki ibilokhu ikhula, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekugcinweni kwamanzi amancane, amandla kagesi, umgwaqo omkhulu, ujantshi, ichweba, ukwakhiwa kwezimayini kanye nokwakhiwa kwezempi. Kula maphrojekthi, i-geosynthetics inemisebenzi yokuhlunga, ukuhambisa amanzi, ukuqinisa, ukuhlukanisa kanye nokulawula ukuvuza kwamanzi. I-geotextile yepulasitiki ingenye ye-geotextile zokwenziwa.
Izinto zokulawula izikhukhula
Izikhwama ezilukiwe zibalulekile ekulawuleni izikhukhula. Zibalulekile futhi ekwakhiweni kwezimbobo, imifula, izitimela kanye nemigwaqo. Ziyizikhwama ezilukiwe ezilwa nolwazi, izikhwama ezilukiwe ezilwa nesomiso kanye nezikhwama ezilukiwe ezilwa nezikhukhula.
Ngenhla kukhona ukwakheka okuncane kwawo wonke umuntu oqeda uhlobo lwesikhwama esilukiwe kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kokubonisana okuhlobene, ngokwabelana ngokuqukethwe, uhlobo kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama ezilukiwe, unemininingwane ethile, uma ufuna ukungena ngokujulile esikhwameni solwazi lwemakethe, ungaxhumana nomthengisi enkampanini yethu, noma ophenyweni lwe-East kanye nesikhwama esilukiwe khona manjalo, ukuxhumana okuxoxiswana ngakho kuxoxwa ngakho kuleli phepha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-03-2020