Amakhasimende amaningi ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yethu ashayele ucingo ukuze abheke uhlobo lwesikhwama esilukiwe kanye nohla lwezicelo, namuhla isikhwama esilukiwe se-xiaobian esichaza uhlobo lwesikhwama esilukiwe kanye nohlu lwezicelo.
Izikhwama ezinithiwe zaziwa nangokuthi izikhwama zesikhumba senyoka. Ipulasitiki, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukupakisha. Izinto zayo zokusetshenziswa ngokuvamile ziyi-polyethylene, i-polypropylene nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa zepulasitiki zamakhemikhali. Okulandelayo yisingeniso sezinhlobo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama ezilukiweyo.
uhlobo
Impahla eyinhloko eluhlaza yokukhiqiza kwamanye amazwe i-polyethylene (PE), kanti impahla eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya i-polypropylene (PP), i-thermoplastic resin elungiselelwe i-ethylene polymerization. Ngokwezimboni, ama-copolymers e-ethylene anamanani amancane -olefin nawo afakiwe. I-polyethylene engenaphunga, engeyona enobuthi, ene-waxy ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu (izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokusebenza elifika ku--70 ~ 100℃), ukusimama okuhle kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-asidi ne-alkali (i-asidi ephikisana ne-oxidation), engancibiliki ngokujwayelekile ngezincibilikisi ekamelweni lokushisa, ukumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi, ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa kukagesi; I-polyethylene (i-insulation yamakhemikhali kanye nogesi) yokucindezeleka kwemvelo; Mechanical effect) ezwela kakhulu, ukumelana kabi nokushisa. Izakhiwo ze-polyethylene ziyahlukahluka ezinhlotsheni kuya kwezinhlobo, ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngesakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana kanye nokuminyana. Imikhiqizo enokuminyana okuhlukile (0.91 kuya ku-0.96 g/cm3) ingatholwa ngezindlela ezihlukene zokukhiqiza. I-polyethylene ingacutshungulwa ngenqubo evamile yokwenza i-thermoplastic (bheka ukucubungula kwePlastiki). Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ifilimu, iziqukathi, amapayipi, intambo eyodwa, intambo kanye nekhebula, izidingo zansuku zonke, njll. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengento yokufaka imvamisa ephezulu ye-TV ne-radar. Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni ye-petrochemical, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyethylene kuthuthuke ngokushesha, kubalwa cishe ingxenye yesine yokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki okuphelele. Ngo-1983, umthamo womhlaba wonke wokukhiqiza we-polyethylene wawungu-24.65 Mt, futhi umthamo wesitshalo esakhiwa wawungu-3.16 Mt.
i-polypropylene
I-Thermoplastic resin elungiselelwe nge-propylene polymerization. Kukhona ukucushwa okuthathu kwengqikithi ye-isomorphism, okungahleliwe kanye ne-interisomorphism. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo yezimboni ziyizinto ezifanayo. I-Polypropylene ihlanganisa nama-copolymers e-propylene kanye nenani elincane le-ethylene. Ivamise ukuba yi-translucent colorless solid, ayinambitheki futhi ayinabo ubuthi. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esivamile kanye nokucwebezela okuphezulu, indawo yokuncibilika ifinyelela ku-167 ℃. Ayizwani nokushisa futhi umkhiqizo ungabulawa inzalo ngesitimu. Ukuminyana okungu-0.90 g/cm3 ipulasitiki elula kunazo zonke. Ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla aqinile angama-30 MPa, amandla, ukuqina nokungafihli lutho kungcono kune-polyethylene. Ububi buwukumelana nomthelela ophansi nokuguga kalula ekushiseni okuphansi, okunganqotshwa ngokuguqulwa nokwengezwa kwama-antioxidants ngokulandelana.
Umbala wezikhwama ezilukiwe ngokuvamile umhlophe noma awumhlophe, awunabo ubuthi futhi awunambitheki, ngokuvamile awunabungozi emzimbeni womuntu. Nakuba enziwe ngamapulasitiki amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, ahambisana nemvelo futhi angasetshenziswa kabusha.
Izikhwama ezilukiweyo zisetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukupakisha izinto ezahlukahlukene, futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini.
Isikhwama sepulasitiki esilukiwe senziwe nge-polypropylene resin, sikhishwe futhi sinwetshwe sibe usilika oyisicaba, bese selukwa saba izikhwama.
Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezihlanganisiwe zenziwe ngendwangu yepulasitiki ngokusebenzisa umfudlana.
Isetshenziselwa ukupakisha impushana noma izinto eziqinile eziyimbudumbudu nama-athikili aguqukayo. Isikhwama esilukiwe sepulasitiki esiyinhlanganisela sihlukaniswe izikhwama ezimbili ku-one kanye nezikhwama ezintathu ku-one ngokusho kokwakheka okuyinhloko.
Ngokwendlela yokuthunga, ingahlukaniswa isikhwama esingaphansi sokuthunga, isikhwama sokuthunga esinqenqemeni, isikhwama sokufaka kanye nesikhwama sokuthunga sokubopha.
Ngokuya ngobubanzi obusebenzayo besikhwama, singahlukaniswa sibe ngu-450, 500, 550, 600, 650 no-700 mm. Ukucaciswa okukhethekile kuvunyelwana ngakho umphakeli kanye nomthengi.
Ibanga lohlelo lokusebenza
1. Izikhwama zokupakisha zemikhiqizo yezimboni nezolimo
Ngokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zeziqukathi eziguquguqukayo, izikhwama zepulasitiki ezilukiweyo zisetshenziswa kabanzi e-Marine, imboni yezokuthutha kanye nokupakisha kanye nemikhiqizo yezolimo. Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezilukiwe zisetshenziswe kakhulu ekupakishweni kwemikhiqizo yezolimo. Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezilukiwe ziye zasetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yasemanzini. Ukupakisha, ukupakisha okuphakelayo kwezinkukhu, izinto zokumboza ipulazi, umthunzi wokulima izitshalo, ukuvikela umoya, indawo yokukhosela yesichotho nezinye izinto. Imikhiqizo evamile: isikhwama esilukiweyo sokuphakelayo, isikhwama esilukiwe samakhemikhali, isikhwama esilukiwe se-putty, isikhwama esilukiwe se-urea, isikhwama senethi yemifino, isikhwama senethi yezithelo, njll.
2. Ukupakishwa kokudla
Ilayisi, ufulawa nokunye okupakishwayo kokudla kancane kancane kusebenzisa izikhwama ezilukiweyo. Izikhwama ezilukiwe ezijwayelekile yilezi: izikhwama ezilukwe ngerayisi, izikhwama ezilukiwe zikafulawa, izikhwama zommbila ezilukiwe nezinye.
3. Ezokuthutha kwezokuvakasha
Amatende esikhashana, izambulela, izikhwama zokuhamba kanye nezikhwama embonini yezokuvakasha zisetshenziselwa izindwangu ezilukiwe zepulasitiki. Amatende ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene asetshenziswa kakhulu njengendawo yokukhosela
Amatende esikhashana, izambulela, izikhwama zokuhamba kanye nezikhwama embonini yezokuvakasha zisetshenziselwa izindwangu ezilukiwe zepulasitiki. Amatende asetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zokumboza zokuthutha nokugcinwa, esikhundleni samatende kakotini asindayo nakhuntile. Uthango kanye nezikhala ezakhiweni nazo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindwangu zepulasitiki. Okuvamile: izikhwama zezimpahla, izikhwama zokupakisha izinto. Amaphakheji wezimpahla, amaphakheji wezimpahla, njll.
Izinto zobunjiniyela
Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-geotextile ngawo-1980, inkambu yokusetshenziswa kwendwangu eboshwe ngepulasitiki ibilokhu ikhula, isetshenziswa kabanzi endaweni yokongiwa kwamanzi amancane, amandla kagesi, umgwaqo omkhulu, ujantshi, ichweba, ukwakhiwa kwezimayini nokwakhiwa kwezempi. Kulawa maphrojekthi, i-geosynthetics inemisebenzi yokuhlunga, ukukhipha amanzi, ukuqinisa, ukuhlukanisa kanye nokulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ama-geotextile epulasitiki angenye yama-geotextiles okwenziwa.
Izinto zokulawula izikhukhula
Izikhwama ezilukiweyo zibalulekile ekulawuleni izikhukhula. Zibalulekile futhi ekwakhiweni kwezingongolo, imifula, izitimela nemigwaqo. Ziyizikhwama ezilukiwe ezilwa - nolwazi, izikhwama ezilwa nesomiso kanye nezikhwama ezilwa nezikhukhula.
Ngenhla kuncane ukwakheka kwawo wonke umuntu oqedela uhlobo lwesikhwama esilukiwe kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kokubonisana okuhlobene, ngokwabelana kokuqukethwe, uhlobo kanye nohlu lokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama ezilukiweyo zinengqondo ethile, uma ufuna ukungena ujule esikhwameni solwazi lwemakethe, ungathintana nomthengisi enkampanini yethu, noma empumalanga nesikhwama esilukiweyo okuxoxiswana ngaso ophenyweni lwephepha, kulokhu kuxhumana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-03-2020